World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research

A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Intraarticular Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonidein Knee Osteoarthritis in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Mon, 13 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Objective: Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease marked by cartilage deterioration, affecting millions globally. Although incurable, it can be managed with adjuvant therapy. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide in knee OA, a corticosteroid used for OA, Rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, and skin disorders.

Methods: In a prospective observational study with 120 participants, pain severity was evaluated using numerical pain rating and KL-grade scales, while joint space narrowing was assessed via X-ray reports. Subjects were categorized by severity and prescribed intra-articular Triamcinolone acetonide, analgesics, NSAIDs, PPIs, and supplements. They were monitored for pain reduction.

Results: Pain scores were evaluated using NPRS and KL-grade scale: initially, severe pain affected 4.1% (n=5), moderate 86.6% (n=104), mild 9.1% (n=11). After three follow-ups over 6 months, severe pain decreased to 1.6% (n=2), moderate to 84.1% (n=101), and mild increased to 14.1% (n=17).

Conclusion: Our study concludes that intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide, combined with oral and topical analgesics, PPIs, nutritional, and vitamin supplements, is safer and more effective for knee OA, improving patient quality of life, reducing disease severity, prescription charges, and adverse drug reactions.

Teamwork significantly improves pathology slide diagnosis: students’ perspective

Tue, 21 May 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Background & objectives: Team-based learning is a pedagogical strategy that enhances student knowledge through individual testing and group collaboration. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine if students’ collaborative annotation improved understanding of microscopic morphology and diagnosis of pathological slides.

Methods: Mean individual and then group scores of pathology slides analysis by Path2 students were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test and group differences by ANOVA. Students' attitudes toward TBL were examined using a short 8-item questionnaire which graded responses on a 5-point Likert scale. Analyses were performed in the SPSS version 20.Probability level of p<0.05 was statistically significant.

Results: The average individual scores ranged from 44.0 to 50.0 out of 100. The differences between the groups were not observed. The average group scores ranged from 75.0 to 82.0percentage. Compared with the average individual score, all group scores were statistically
significantly higher (p<0.001). Group scores among students who had low performance were statistically significantly higher compared to their individual scores. This was also observed among high performance students (p<0.003). In terms of TBL attitudes, all average attitude scores were positive (the highest were reported for active learning). Attitudes score did not
correlate with the Path1 grade. No difference in attitudes was found between high and low performing students.

Conclusion: Group analysis of pathology slides significantly improves the success in making a pathological diagnosis, both for low performance and for high performance students. The strongest positive attitude was observed for “Promotes opportunity for active learning”, “Group dynamics potentiate learning outcome” and “Encourage discussion for differential diagnosis”. We progressively incorporated these collaborative approaches into virtual environment in pathology courses at our medical faculty that have been shown to further improve students’ engagement and learning outcomes, promotes opportunities for active engagement and interaction.

The versatility of klotho protein: insights into its multifaceted functions in health and disease

Sonali Raj, Mehak Ahuja — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The Klotho protein, initially discovered for its role in aging and calcium metabolism, has emerged as a multifunctional regulator with diverse impacts on health and disease. Beyond its functions in maintaining phosphate homeostasis and suppressing aging pathways, Klotho exhibits pleiotropic effects in various physiological processes, including cognition, cardiovascular health, and cancer suppression. This review elucidates themechanisms underlying Klotho's versatile functions, shedding light on its involvement in modulating signaling pathways such as insulin/IGF-1, Wnt, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of Klotho modulation in combating age-related diseases, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the complexities of Klotho biology unveils novel strategies for therapeutic interventions and highlights its significance in promoting healthy aging and disease prevention.

Utilization of unani regimenal therapy for the management of insomnia: a rapid scoping review

Meraj Meraj, Abdul Rehman M.I, Naseem Ahmad Khan, Sadique Husain, Noushiba Khan — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Objective: To review existing clinical trials in humans having Unani Regimenal Therapy for the management of insomnia.

Data sources: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google from January 2010 to March 2024.

Study selection: Keywords like “Insomnia, Sehar, Sahar, Bekhawbi” and “Ilaj bil Tadbeer, Unani Medicine, Greco-Arab Medicine” were used in the search strategy. Only studies in English were selected. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, and conflicts were resolved by consensus. Studies that do not list the Unani Regimenal Therapy were excluded.

Data extraction: A total of 22 articles were identified, and 7 were included in the final analysis. The following data were extracted: author, year of publication, intervention, outcome measures, and result.

Data synthesis: The results of the present review indicate that the implication of Unani Regimenal Therapy positively is beneficial in the management of insomnia.

Conclusion: Insomnia, resembling Sahar in Unani medicine, is typically treated with drugs in conventional medicine, often with adverse effects. However, the reviewed studies reveal the efficacy and safety of Unani Regimenal Therapy in alleviating insomnia symptoms without adverse effects. Early intervention with this therapy yields better outcomes, but more clinical trials are needed due to limited research. While some Regimenal Therapy modalities like Naṭūl (Irrigation Therapy), Tadhīn (Oiling), and Dalk (Therapeutic Massage) are explored, others remain unexplored. Overall, combining medicine with Unani Regimenal Therapy offers a promising approach to managing insomnia.

Ayurvedic paradigm of arsha: an analytical review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Manmahendra Singh, Hemantha Kumar P, Ashok Kumar, Narinder Singh — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Haemorrhoids, known as Arsha in Ayurveda, are a prevalent condition with multifactorial aetiology and diverse clinical manifestations. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Ayurvedic paradigm of Arsha, focusing on its aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Drawing from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary research, this review synthesizes existing knowledge to elucidate the pathogenesis of Arsha and its impact on patient health. Through a systematic examination of historical and contemporary sources, key findings emerge regarding the dietary, lifestyle, and Dosha factors contributing to Arsha. Diagnostic methods in Ayurveda, such as Sadhvidha Pariksha, are explored in conjunction with modern medical approaches, highlighting the importance of comprehensive clinical assessment for accurate diagnosis. Treatment options, including preventive measures and therapeutic interventions, are discussed in detail, emphasizing the holistic nature of Ayurvedic management. Implications for clinical practice and areas for future research are outlined, underscoring the need for further exploration into the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions and their integration into modern healthcare systems. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare practitioners and researchers seeking to enhance the management of haemorrhoids through an integrative approach.

A critical review on garbhopghatkarabhava related to dietetics

Dixit Neha, Poonam Choudhary — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas deals with concerns that may cause Upaghata (damage) to the growing fetus (Garbha). It includesAhara, viharaj and mansikfactors that are dangerous during pregnancy. Maternal Ahara has a crucial role in regulating maternal health and fetal growth. The word "Ambu" in Garbhasambhavasamagri refers to a nutrient-dense portion for good conceptus growth. Any defect in "Ambubhava" has a negative impact on pregnancy by preventing the growing fetus from receiving adequate nutrients. This paper discuss the Garbhopghatakarabhava related to Aharawith rationality. Scientific knowledge of these factors can improve birth outcomes by removing hazardous variables.

A review of phytopharmacology and formulation of sphaeranthus indicus

Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Sphaeranthus indicus Linn., belonging to the Asteraceae family, It thrives abundantly in damp areas, including as a weed in rice fields across India. In traditional Indian medicine, many different components of the plant, including the leaves, cortex, wood, roots, flower, and seed, are used to cure a variety of illnesses. Astringent, stomachic, refreshing, and externally calming are some of the qualities associated with the herb. Sphaeranthus indicus is rich in diverse secondary metabolites, including eudesmanolides, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene acids, flavone glycosides, flavonoid C-glycosides, is flavone glycoside, sterols, sterol glycosides, alkaloids, peptide alkaloids, amino acids, and sugars. Essential oils extracted from its flowers and whole plants contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. This comprehensive review encompasses the structure, botanical compounds composition, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological activities reported for Sphaeranthus indicus. It underscores the vast medicinal potential of this plant and highlights its importance in traditional and modern medicinal practices.

Antimicrobial activity of curcuma longa and mimosa pudica: a comprehensive review

Sat, 03 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The active ingredient in turmeric, Curcuma longa, and the traditional medicinal plant, Mimosa pudica, have both been the subject of intensive research due to their wide range of therapeutic applications. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing qualities of Mimosa pudica have long been employed, whereas curcumin is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer benefits. The pharmacological advantages of these two naturally occurring substances are summarized in this article, which also discusses their possible synergistic effects, modes of action, and therapeutic uses. Our goal in examining the complimentary qualities of Mimosa pudica and curcumin is to present a through analysis that bolsters their application in integrative medicine and offers ideas for further research. Curcumin is known for its powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Its therapeutic success is related to its capacity to affect numerous cellular pathways, such as inhibiting NF-KB and activating AREs. These pathways play a vital role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Curcumin's antibacterial characteristics make it a promising medicinal agent with broad-spectrum applications. Mimosa pudica, often known as the "sensitive plant" for its quick responsiveness to physical stimuli, has a long history in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurvedic and folk treatments. It is used for wound healing,anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-ulcer properties. The pharmacological actions of Mimosa pudica are primarily due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids,flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids.These compounds collectively contribute to the plant's ability to modulate immune responses, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit microbial growth.Curcumin and Mimosa pudica have complimentary mechanisms that can lead to synergistic effects. Curcumin modulates intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors, while Mimosa pudica's bioactive ingredients also interact with extracellular targets and microbial cell walls, indicating a multimodal approach to illness management.

Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Nanoparticle-Drug Conjugates: Enhancing Cancer Therapy through Precision and Innovation

Sukumar Reddy Bhuma, Sasidhar Potti — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a transformative approach in cancer therapy, offering enhanced delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. These systems exploit the unique properties of nanoparticles, such as their small size, large surface area, and ability to be functionalized, to target cancer cells more effectively than conventional methods. The encapsulation or conjugation of drugs to nanoparticles can improve solubility, stability, and bioavailability, enabling controlled and sustained release at the tumor site, thereby minimizing side effects and enhancing the therapeutic index. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key analytical techniques employed to characterize nanoparticle-drug conjugates, focusing on their physicochemical, biological, and pharmacokinetic properties. The review highlights the importance of these techniques in ensuring the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-drug conjugates, discussing the limitations of current methods and the crucial need for standardization in the field. By examining a range of methods, from basic techniques like Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to advanced approaches such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-particle tracking, this review aims to equip researchers with the knowledge necessary to accurately characterize these complex systems and optimize their use in cancer therapy.

Innovative Nanomaterial-Based Analytical Techniques for Early Detection of Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Sukumar Reddy Bhuma — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Early and accurate disease diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Nanomaterials have emerged as transformative tools in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of analytical methods for early disease detection. This review explores various nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, quantum dots, and polymeric nanoparticles, and their application in biosensors, immunoassays, molecular imaging, and lab-on-a-chip devices. These advanced materials significantly improve the detection of disease biomarkers at low concentrations, enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis than traditional methods. Despite the challenges associated with toxicity, reproducibility, and regulatory approval, nanomaterial-based diagnostic methods offer unparalleled potential in revolutionising early disease detection. The review also discusses future directions, highlighting the integration of nanomaterials with technologies like artificial intelligence and the progress toward commercializing nanomaterial-based diagnostic tools. As the field advances, nanomaterials are poised to play a pivotal role in the future of personalised medicine and point-of-care diagnostics.